FIRST GLYPH WORKSHOPS FOR MAYAS
The famous basta chop Crispy milk-fed veal chop, stuffed with prosciutto di parma and fresh mozzarella, blanketed with lobster cream, wild shrimp, penne $ 39. MAM is a 501(c)(3) public charity: EIN. Contributions in the U.S. Are tax deductible.
In June, 1987, a group of North American academic linguists were meeting in Antigua for their ninth annual workshop on Maya linguistics, organized and sponsored by the Proyecto Lingüístico Francisco Marroquín. The participants included a number of indigenous Maya linguists-in-training. Kathryn Josserand presented a paper titled “Tipos de material literario y modos de presentación” (Classes of Literary Material and Means of Presentation). The paper discussed various ways of presenting native texts, including the multi-line format preferred by linguists, poetic structuring, comic strips, live theater, and even hieroglyphic inscriptions.
After her presentation, some Maya students approached her and commented that she had apparently been able to read the hieroglyphic inscriptions, and she told them “Yes,” we could now read much of the texts. They responded that they wanted to learn to read the Maya hieroglyphic writing.
An excursion to Copan was planned for that Sunday, but the next day, Saturday, was free, and Kathryn suggested that she and her husband, Nick Hopkins, could hold a one-day workshop for those interested. Having just done a workshop at the Casa de la Cultura in San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, they had materials in Spanish at hand. Saturday, some 30 Mayas arrived, interested indeed, and received an introduction to the glyphs, including a detailed reading of the Palenque Temple of the Cross inscriptions that contained a historical panel that relates a series of births of rulers.
When Kathryn asked the students if they could see what was going on, one of them replied “Es un registro de nacimientos! Esta es nuestra historia!” (It is a record of births! This is our history!) Several then commented “We always knew we had a history, but it has been kept from us.” They fervently wanted more.
Kathryn and Nick reminded the students they were all going to Copan the next day and the leading presenter of glyph workshops, Linda Schele, would be there and would give the group a guided tour of the site. They suggested the Mayas talk to Linda about future instruction.
Sunday, after the guided tour, Nick and Kalhryn met with Linda at the Hotel Marina and introduced her to Martin Chacach and Narciso Cojti’, then among the leaders of the Maya linguists. They asked her to come to Antigua and give them a glyph workshop. Linda replied that she was supposed to be in Copán, where she had a Fullbright scholarship to Honduras. They argued she had an obligation to the Maya nation, not to Honduras. She agreed only on the condition that Kathryn and Nick would leave their work in San Cristobal, Chiapas, to help her out, since her Spanish was limited. All agreed.
Nora England, then a linguist at PLFM, translated a workbook supplied by Linda and organized an introductory glyph workshop to be held in one of the ruined churches in Antigua. Some weeks later (July 20-22, 1987) Kathryn Josserand, Nick Hopkins and Linda Schele held forth in front of more than two dozen indigenous Maya students! The students represented seven Maya languages and five Guatemalan institutions (Kaqchikel, Q’eqchi’, Mam, Tz’ulujil, lxii, Popti’ and Ch’orti’; PLFM, PRONEBI, IGED, CIRMA, and ILV).
The greal success of this endeavor made Linda realize how much she enjoyed working with the Maya, and she returned periodically over the years, as did Kathryn, Nick, Nikolai Grube and others, to teach workshops, often organized by Nora.
To our knowledge, these were the first glyph workshops organized specifically for Maya attendees.
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BIRTH OF MAM
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After 1987, Linda Schele, with Nikolai Grube, began to bring indigenous Maya students and scholars to her famous Maya Meetings in Texas, held annually in Austin since 1977. She and Nikolai also continued their field workshops in Guatemala and extended their work to include Valladolid, Yucatan. After Linda’s passing in 1998, Nikolai continued the practice.
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In 2004, Sue Glenn and a handful of Maya Meeting attendees realized that the participation of Maya colleagues in Texas was an ad hoc arrangement from one year to the next and was not formalized or institutionalized. Under Sue’s leadership, arrangements were made to ensure at least some participation in the 2005 meetings.
In 2005, Sue spearheaded a concerted effort, involving a greater number of people, to formalize support for bringing more Maya colleagues to Texas. That year marks the birth date of Friends of the Maya. By 2006 we were able to sponsor ten Maya attendees from Mexico and Guatemala and to help others with invitations that aided their visa application process. In 2007, we sponsored twelve attendees. In 2008 we reached thirteen.
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The year 2009 marked a watershed event at the Maya Meetings in Texas. Eight of our sponsored attendees presented their own papers to the general audience in a special session lasting an entire afternoon. With simultaneous translation provided from Spanish to English, one after another Maya scholar transfixed the largely English-speaking audience with their Powerpoint presentations, personal style, and academic erudition. At the end of the afternoon, everyone present knew they had witnessed an event of historic proportions.
In 2010 Friends of the Maya co-sponsored a workshop in Antigua at Proyecto Linguistico Francisco Marroquin, attended by 70 Maya-speaking participants. It became clear that bringing workshops to the Mayas was much more effective than bringing Mayas to workshops.
In 2012, Friends of the Maya reinvented itself with a new name MAM, a new logo, a new web page, a new executive committee, and a new mission “Mayas teaching Mayas the Glyphs and the Calendar,” providing cash grants and digital projectors for glyph workshops conducted by the Mayas themselves, and sponsoring international congresses for Maya epigraphers.
I hope this summary of our history captures some of the excitement and thrill of accomplishment that we all feel. If any of you who are reading this was there during these various phases of our history and would care to contribute more details (especially if you have historical photos) please send them to me personally, Bruce Love, President of MAM (see “Contact Us”) so that we can post them on our web site and expand our historical archives of this important organization.
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Chrome, Edge, Firefox, or Opera? Whe are revealing the best browser for online gambling in 2017. Check out comprehensive reviews or download the browsers from the official sites.
After reviewing the most popular browsers on our quest to find the best for online gambling, it’s time to list them, from best to worst. If you want a detailed explanation, please click the review button at end the end of each paragraph or proceed to the official download page.
Opera – the Best Browser for Online Gambling
Opera, is hands down the best browser for online gambling. It comes with a native and integrated VPN service for free, which will save you time and trouble in the long run. Besides the free VPN, the latest version of the Opera browser has built-in battery saver mode and ad-block, two features that will elevate your overall browsing experience. In our extensive review of Opera for online gambling, you’ll find a step-by-step manual to help set-up the browser.
Chrome – a Close Second
Google Chrome might not be the best browser for online gambling in its natural state but in a few steps, you can turn it into Opera’s close contender. Chrome has an amazing selection of extensions, including working and free proxies. The downside of adding an extension to Chrome is that they slow-down your computer by consuming more memory and also drain your battery in a much faster pace. Still, if you’re a loyal Chrome user you can adjust the browser for all your gambling needs with the help of Proxy and VPN add-ons.
Firefox – Shortage of useful tools
Firefox is far behind Opera and Chrome when it comes to online gambling. The vast selection of extensions is pretty misleading. There might be millions of extensions available, but most of them are not actually free or don’t work at all. We managed to one working VPN Proxy extension, but based on past experiences and reviews, chances are high that it will soon become monetized. If you don’t mind hunting for new VPN tools every season, Firefox can be just good.
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Edge – not for Online Gambling
Edge, Microsoft’s fresh take on browsers, is an excellent browser for general needs. However, it’s the worst browser for online gambling needs. Unfortunately, Edge doesn’t have an integrated VPN service, nor a satisfying supply of extensions. Edge is pre-installed on all Windows 10 computer, alongside Internet Explorer, so you can still use it, if you’re visiting your usual internet casinos. The main advantage Edge as your general browser is that it’s really gentle with your computer’s battery, therefore you can play at internet casinos for a much longer time in case you don’t have a charger at hand.